Leather Sofas
After a long, hard day, putting your feet up and sinking into a luxurious leather sofa is just what the doctor ordered. Timeless, practical, and comfortable - leather sofas are perfect for everyone.
We have a wide selection of sofas in various shapes, sizes, and colours of leather. This way, you can find the right solution for your room.
No matter what you’re looking for, we’ve got you covered. Shop our range of leather sofas today.
Featured Product
G Plan Ellis 3 Seater Recliner Sofa
Introducing the G Plan Ellis Recliner Sofa - Where Comfort Meets Style
Are you ready to transform your living space into a haven of relaxation and style? Look no further than the G Plan Ellis Recliner Sofa. With its sleek design and unparalleled comfort, this sofa is the epitome of modern living.
Dimensions
Height 107cm
Width 200cm
Depth 106cm
Seat
Height 52cm
Width 148cm
Depth...
RRP from £3499 £2555 from £2235
Metropolitan Rub-Off Leather Patchwork 2 Seater Sofa
Handcrafted Patchwork Leather Two-Seater Sofa
Bring timeless elegance and vibrant character into your home with this handcrafted Metropolitan patchwork leather two-seater sofa. Designed to make a statement, it features a striking mix of rich, multi-coloured leather panels, ensuring no two pieces are ever the same.
The classic patchwork design flows across the backrest and arms, creating a luxurious,...
£2229
Stressless Windsor High Back 3 Seater Sofa in Silver Grey Leather with Grey Stain Wood
The Stressless Windsor Sofa combines timeless elegance with exceptional comfort, making it the perfect choice for relaxing in style. Featuring gentle curves, padded arms and supple seating, this beautifully crafted sofa delivers the luxurious comfort Stressless is renowned for, while its classic design and wooden detailing create a sophisticated look for any living space.
Designed with individually...
RRP £4769
RRP £4769 £2319
The Lounge Co Penelope 3 Seater Sofa in Dallas Tan Leather With Vintage Oak Tapered Legs
The Penelope 3 Seater Sofa is the perfect blend of comfort and sophistication. Upholstered in smooth, characterful Dallas Tan leather, this spacious sofa takes its cues from classic design, elevated with clean piping detail and modern high legs.
Its generous proportions create an inviting spot for relaxing, hosting, or stretching out in style — offering a warm and enduring centrepiece for...
RRP £2956
RRP £2956 £1475
The Lounge Co Penelope 2.5 Seater Sofa in Dallas Tan Leather With Vintage Oak Tapered Legs
The Penelope 2.5 Seater Sofa delivers classic charm with a contemporary twist. Finished in premium Dallas Tan leather, it carries the same beautifully considered details — elegant piping and modern high legs — in a size that suits both cosy spaces and open-plan living.
Comfortable, versatile, and effortlessly stylish, it’s a just-right addition that brings warmth and character...
RRP £2737
RRP £2737 £1365
The Lounge Co Penelope 2.5 Seater Sofa in Regal Charcoal Leather With Vintage Oak Tapered Legs
The Penelope 2.5 Seater Sofa upholstered in sophisticated Regal Charcoal fabric and finished with vintage oak tapered legs, brings warmth, texture, and timeless character to your home.
Generously proportioned yet easy to style in a range of interiors, the Penelope offers supportive comfort that’s perfect for everyday living and relaxed evenings alike.
This piece is upholstered in a discontinued...
RRP £2737
RRP £2737 £1365
The Lounge Co Penelope 3 Seater Sofa in Regal Charcoal Leather With Vintage Oak Tapered Legs
The Penelope 3 Seater Sofa upholstered in rich Regal Charcoal leather and finished with vintage oak tapered legs, creates a sophisticated focal point that complements both contemporary and traditional interiors.
With its generous proportions and supportive seating, the Penelope is designed for relaxed everyday living, offering plenty of space to unwind in comfort while adding warmth and character...
RRP £2956
RRP £2956 £1475
G Plan Hamilton 2 Seater Sofa in Regent Chalk Leather
The G Plan Hamilton 2 Seater Sofa combines contemporary comfort with the exceptional craftsmanship G Plan is renowned for. Upholstered in elegant Regent Chalk leather, it offers a clean, sophisticated look that brings effortless style and lasting comfort to any living space.
Designed with supportive cushioning and inviting proportions, the Hamilton is perfect for everyday relaxation while adding...
RRP £2936
RRP £2936 £1169
Himolla Rhine Fixed 3 Seater Sofa
Additional Recliner & Bespoke Options Available! Need help? Give us a call on 01476 512346 - we're here to help!
RRP from £3201
RRP from £3201 from £2879
Himolla Rhine Fixed 2.5 Seater Sofa
Additional Recliner & Bespoke Options Available! Need help? Give us a call on 01476 512346 - we're here to help!
RRP from £2647
RRP from £2647 from £2379
Himolla Rhine Fixed 2 Seater Sofa
Additional Recliner & Bespoke Options Available! Need help? Give us a call on 01476 512346 - we're here to help!
RRP from £2456
RRP from £2456 from £2209
Himolla Chester Fixed 3 Seater Sofa
Additional Recliner & Bespoke Options Available! Need help? Give us a call on 01476 512346 - we're here to help!
RRP from £3140
RRP from £3140 from £2825
Himolla Chester Fixed 2.5 Seater Sofa
Additional Recliner & Bespoke Options Available! Need help? Give us a call on 01476 512346 - we're here to help!
RRP from £2563
RRP from £2563 from £2305
Himolla Chester Fixed 2 Seater Sofa
Additional Recliner & Bespoke Options Available! Need help? Give us a call on 01476 512346 - we're here to help!
RRP from £2474
RRP from £2474 from £2225
Parker Knoll Harriet 2 Seater Formal Back Leather Sofa
Please note, the Harriet is a brand new model for Parker Knoll and there limited images available of the range. This product is the Parker Knoll Harriet 2 Seater Formal Back Leather Sofa but is pictured here as the Large 2 Seater Leather Sofa for illustration purposes only.
The Parker Knoll Harriet 2 Seater Formal Back Leather Sofa is a refined and comfortable seating option, ideal for both traditional...
RRP from £2917
RRP from £2917 £2329 from £2185
Parker Knoll Harlow 2 Seater Formal Back Leather/Fabric Sofa
The Parker Knoll Harlow Fabric and Leather 2 Seater Formal Back Sofa brings together classic sophistication and superior comfort, making it a standout piece in any home. Upholstered in premium-quality materials, this beautifully tailored sofa features graceful curves, refined piping details, and deep, indulgent seat cushions for a truly luxurious seating experience.
With this leather/fabric mix...
RRP £2917
RRP £2917 £2329 £2185
Parker Knoll Harlow 2 Seater Formal Back Leather Sofa
The Parker Knoll Harlow Leather 2 Seater Formal Back Sofa brings together classic sophistication and superior comfort, making it a standout piece in any home. Upholstered in premium-quality leather, this beautifully tailored sofa features graceful curves, refined piping details, and deep, indulgent seat cushions for a truly luxurious seating experience.
With its sumptuous comfort and exquisite craftsmanship,...
RRP from £2917
RRP from £2917 £2329 from £2185
Parker Knoll Harriet Large 2 Seater Pillow Back Leather/Fabric Sofa
The Parker Knoll Harriet Large 2 Seater Pillow Back Fabric and Leather Sofa is a refined and comfortable seating option, ideal for both traditional and contemporary interiors. This sofa features a pillow back design, providing comfortable, classic support and a stylish silhouette. Upholstered in high-quality materials, it offers a soft and inviting texture, enhancing the overall comfort.
With this...
RRP £3293
RRP £3293 £2629 £2279
Parker Knoll Eastbury 2 Seater Pillow Back Leather/Fabric Sofa
The Parker Knoll Eastbury Pillow Back 2 Seater Sofa in Fabric and Leather mix is a refined and comfortable seating option, ideal for both traditional and contemporary interiors. This sofa features pillow back design, providing comfortable, classic support and a stylish silhouette. Upholstered in high-quality fabric and leather, it offers a soft and inviting texture, enhancing the overall comfort.
With...
RRP £3040
RRP £3040 £2429 £2279
Parker Knoll Eastbury Grand Pillow Back Leather/Fabric Sofa
The Parker Knoll Eastbury Pillow Back Grand Sofa in a Fabric and Leather mix is a refined and comfortable seating option, ideal for both traditional and contemporary interiors. This sofa features pillow back design, providing comfortable, classic support and a stylish silhouette. Upholstered in high-quality fabric and leather, it offers a soft and inviting texture, enhancing the overall comfort.
With...
RRP £3524
RRP £3524 £2819 £2279
Stressless Wave High Back 3 Seater Sofa
The Stressless Wave 3 seater sofa is inspired by the Ocean itself and the smoothness and shape of the waves is a noticeable feature for the design. This functional high back sofa has a variety of functions from the reclining Plus™ system that keeps your neck and head secure as you lean back to the Glide function, which adjusts to support your body weight.
Plus™-system - The unique Plus™...
RRP from £3819
RRP from £3819 from £3245
Wood Bros Weybourne Large 3 Seater Sofa
The Weybourne Sofa collection is designed with a tailored back cushion and elegant scroll arms. The sofa's each come with two scatter cushions and 2 Bolster and has beautiful turned legs or available with a plinth. The sofa comes with foam cushions as standard but a pocket sprung upgrade is also available providing a firmer sit and is more supportive.
The Weybourne Sofa will work well on its...
RRP from £2539
RRP from £2539 from £2029
Parker Knoll Eastbury Grand Formal Back Leather/Fabric Sofa
The Parker Knoll Eastbury Formal Back Grand Sofa in a Fabric and Leather mix is a refined and comfortable seating option, ideal for both traditional and contemporary interiors. This sofa features a formal back design, providing structured support and a classic silhouette. Upholstered in high-quality fabric and leather, it offers a soft and inviting texture, enhancing the overall comfort.
With this...
RRP £3392
RRP £3392 £2709 £2369
Sherborne Nevada Small 3 Seater Sofa
The Nevada Collection offers exceptional comfort with its soft, welcoming back design and soft 'pillow' arms. Available in a comprehensive array of sizes and options with manual and power reclining actions across the entire range.
Complimenting the traditional range items are a selection of riser recliners which are available in 4 sizes and both single and dual motor versions. Note that...
from £1909
Celebrity Westbury 3 Seater Sofa With Knuckles
The Westbury range offers both comfort and the reassurance of our solid wooden knuckle design. Designed for extra comfort, the triple pillow back fibre cushions are a popular choice. The solid beech wood 'grab' handle is integrated into the chair frame for more durability. All fabric models are fitted with Mammoth Medical Grade Foam Seating Technology and all models are available in any Celebrity...
from £1595
Parker Knoll Harlow 2 Seater Pillow Back Leather/Fabric Sofa
The Parker Knoll Harlow 2 Seater Pillow Back Fabric and Leather Sofa brings together classic sophistication and superior comfort, making it a standout piece in any home. Upholstered in premium-quality materials, this beautifully tailored sofa features graceful curves, refined piping details, and deep, indulgent seat cushions for a truly luxurious seating experience.
With this leather/fabric mix...
RRP £3040
RRP £3040 £2429 £2279
Ercol Clara Medium Leather Sofa
The comfortable and supportive Ercol Clara Medium Leather Sofa features tapered oak legs and detailed stitching on the back cushions for a classic look and feel.
The out-turned arms, deep cushioning and generous bolsters of the Clara Collection are a design feature, adding subtle style and comfort to your medium sofa. The sofa comes with 2 scatter cushions and the legs are available in two wood...
RRP £3740
RRP £3740 £3179
Parker Knoll Harriet Grand Formal Back Leather Sofa
The Parker Knoll Harriet Grand Formal Back Leather Sofa is a refined and comfortable seating option, ideal for both traditional and contemporary interiors. This sofa features a formal back design, providing structured support and a classic silhouette. Upholstered in high-quality leather, it offers a soft and inviting texture, enhancing the overall comfort.
Harriet is rich with elegant details, such...
RRP from £3392
RRP from £3392 £2709 from £2369
Parker Knoll Harlow Grand Formal Back Leather/Fabric Sofa
The Parker Knoll Harlow Grand Formal Back Fabric and Leather Sofa brings together classic sophistication and superior comfort, making it a standout piece in any home. Upholstered in premium-quality materials, this beautifully tailored sofa features graceful curves, refined piping details, and deep, indulgent seat cushions for a truly luxurious seating experience.
With this leather/fabric mix choice,...
RRP £3392
RRP £3392 £2709 £2369
Parker Knoll Hampton Large 2 Seater Recliner Sofa
Relax in comfort on the Hampton Large 2 seater sofa part of the Parker Knoll Lifestyle collection.
Choose either a standard 2 seater sofa or the large 2 seater sofa both available as a power recliner for the ultimate in luxury, a manual recliner or a standard static option. With a fantastic selection of fabrics and leathers to choose from...you are sure to find one to suit your home. Exclusively...
RRP from £3781
RRP from £4331 £3019 from £2835
Stressless Mary 4 Seater Power Recliner Sofa With Upholstered Arms
With its gentle curves and generous look, the Stressless Mary Recliner Sofa with Upholstered Arms is designed and built for a lifetime of comfort. Its cushioning is extra supple and comfortable, offering a soft landing after a hard day. All seat modules, except corner, can be delivered with motorized adjustment of head, back and leg support. Stressless Mary matches exquisitely with the Stressless Mayfair...
RRP from £8569
RRP from £8569 from £7279
Parker Knoll Harriet Grand Formal Back Leather/Fabric Sofa
The Parker Knoll Harriet Grand Formal Back Fabric and Leather Sofa is a refined and comfortable seating option, ideal for both traditional and contemporary interiors. This sofa features a formal back design, providing structured support and a classic silhouette. Upholstered in high-quality materials, it offers a soft and inviting texture, enhancing the overall comfort.
With this leather/fabric mix...
RRP £3392
RRP £3392 £2709 £2369
Parker Knoll Harriet 2 Seater Pillow Back Leather/Fabric Sofa
Please note, the Harriet is a brand new model for Parker Knoll and there limited images available of the range. This product is the Parker Knoll Harriet 2 Seater Pillow Back Leather and Fabric Sofa but is pictured here as the Large 2 Seater Pillow Back version for illustration purposes only.
The Parker Knoll Harriet 2 Seater Pillow Back Leather and Fabric Sofa is a refined and comfortable seating...
RRP £3040
RRP £3040 £2429 £2279
Ercol Clara Large Leather Sofa
The Ercol Clara Large Leather Sofa blends generous proportions with refined craftsmanship, designed to deliver both comfort and elegance. It features deep, multilayer foam seat cushions and supportive back cushions, complemented by generous arm bolsters for a relaxed yet structured sit. Scatter cushions, filled with feather and fibre, are included for added comfort and versatility. These cushions attach...
RRP £4255
RRP £4255 £3615
Parker Knoll Harriet Grand Pillow Back Leather/Fabric Sofa
The Parker Knoll Harriet Grand Pillow Back Fabric and Leather Sofa is a refined and comfortable seating option, ideal for both traditional and contemporary interiors. This sofa features a pillow back design, providing comfortable, classic support and a stylish silhouette. Upholstered in high-quality materials, it offers a soft and inviting texture, enhancing the overall comfort.
With this leather/fabric...
RRP £3524
RRP £3524 £2819 £2469
Parker Knoll Harlow Grand Pillow Back Leather/Fabric Sofa
The Parker Knoll Harlow Grand Pillow Back Fabric and Leather Sofa brings together classic sophistication and superior comfort, making it a standout piece in any home. Upholstered in premium-quality materials, this beautifully tailored sofa features graceful curves, refined piping details, and deep, indulgent seat cushions for a truly luxurious seating experience.
With this leather/fabric mix choice,...
RRP £3524
RRP £3524 £2819 £2469
Sherborne Nevada 2 Seater Recliner Sofa
The extremely popular Nevada 2 Seater Recliner Sofa offers exceptional comfort with its soft, welcoming back design and soft 'pillow' arms. Also available in a wide choice of sizes in the full, extensive range of Sherborne soft covers and leathers.
Features:
5 Year Guarantee on all electrical components, recliner action and frame
Hand-built with joints glued and screwed using only...
from £1999
Julian Bowen Vivo 3 Seater
The Julian Bowen Vivo 3 Seater has that relaxed, modern look that slips easily into almost any living room. It’s spacious without feeling bulky and upholstered in a soft chenille fabric that makes it feel instantly welcoming. A reliable everyday sofa with a clean silhouette and plenty of comfort built in.
Features
Generous three-seater design offering plenty of space to unwind
Soft...
£619
Celebrity Canterbury 3 Seater Sofa
The Canterbury has been designed with a supportive lateral fibre back for extra comfort with the reassurance of our solid wooden knuckle design. The solid beech wood ‘grab’ handle is integrated in to the chair frame for more durability. If preferred the Canterbury can be manufactured without a knuckle. Canterbury fabric models come with Mammoth Medical Grade™ Foam Seating Technology...
from £1595
Parker Knoll Portland 2 Seater Power Recliner Sofa
Parker Knoll Portland is a contemporary take on a classic design. The range is available in either fabric or leather and power or static options are also available.
The Parker Knoll Portland Double Powered Recliner Sofa features a neat USB port ideal for charging your favourite devices. The Portland features distinctive arms and legs which are angled to give you maximum space to relax. Built with...
RRP from £3537
RRP from £3537 £2829 from £2649
Parker Knoll Harriet Large 2 Seater Formal Back Leather Sofa
The Parker Knoll Harriet Large 2 Seater Formal Back Leather Sofa is a refined and comfortable seating option, ideal for both traditional and contemporary interiors. This sofa features a formal back design, providing structured support and a classic silhouette. Upholstered in high-quality leather, it offers a soft and inviting texture, enhancing the overall comfort.
Harriet is rich with elegant details,...
RRP from £3161
RRP from £3161 £2525 from £2185
Parker Knoll Harlow Large 2 Seater Formal Back Leather/Fabric Sofa
The Parker Knoll Harlow Large 2 Seater Formal Back Fabric and Leather Sofa brings together classic sophistication and superior comfort, making it a standout piece in any home. Upholstered in premium-quality materials, this beautifully tailored sofa features graceful curves, refined piping details, and deep, indulgent seat cushions for a truly luxurious seating experience.
With this leather/fabric...
RRP £3161
RRP £3161 £2525 £2185
Julian Bowen Vivo 2 Seater
The Julian Bowen Vivo 2 Seater sofa is a compact, stylish choice for modern living spaces.
Upholstered in soft faux leather with clean, tailored lines, it offers a comfortable and contemporary feel without taking up too much room.
The deep seat cushions and supportive backrest make it great for everyday lounging, while the sturdy wooden frame ensures long-lasting durability. Its simple, versatile...
£499
G Plan Austen 3 Seater Leather Sofa With Double Power Footrest & USB
Introducing the G Plan Austen 3 Seater Leather Sofa with Double Powered Footrests and USB charging ports. Experience luxurious comfort with minimal modern living. Deeply filled cushions provide the ultimate comfort, while additional Power Footrest options offer extra support with the G Plan Austen range of sofas and chairs.
Choose from Show Wood feet in ebony, walnut, oak, or mahogany, and select...
RRP from £3282
RRP from £3282 £2625 from £2149
Parker Knoll Eastbury Large 2 Seater Formal Back Leather Sofa
The Parker Knoll Eastbury Formal Back Large 2 Seater Sofa in Leather is a refined and comfortable seating option, ideal for both traditional and contemporary interiors. This sofa features a formal back design, providing structured support and a classic silhouette. Upholstered in high-quality fabric, it offers a soft and inviting texture, enhancing the overall comfort.
The Parker Knoll Eastbury Collection...
RRP from £3161
RRP from £3161 £2525 from £2185
G Plan Holmes 3 Seater Sofa
Classic in all of its design, Holmes offers an elegant take on G Plan's legendary comfort. A supportive high back and shorter seat offer an upright sit in a choice of standard and compact sizes. Stylish curves on the scroll arms, seat and back cushions soften the lines and ensure you are truly comfortable.
All furniture supplied on fixed feet. Available in soft fabric cover only. Arm caps available...
RRP from £2056
RRP from £2056 £1639 from £1439
Kimberley 2.5 Seater Sofa
Kimberley is a compact collection of static sofas and a chair exclusively available in a new range of corrected grain leathers. Premium cow hides are conventionally dyed, re-tanned and finished using micro pigment with a protective coat to provide an even coloration with substantial wearability without compromising its natural characteristics and feel when upholstered. Split hides are used on the sides...
£1149 from £745
Celebrity Westbury 2 Seater Sofa
The Westbury range offers both comfort and the reassurance of our solid wooden knuckle design. Designed for extra comfort, the triple pillow back fibre cushions are a popular choice. The solid beech wood 'grab' handle is integrated into the chair frame for more durability. All fabric models are fitted with Mammoth Medical Grade Foam Seating Technology and all models are available in any Celebrity...
from £1199
Parker Knoll Eastbury Large 2 Seater Pillow Back Leather/Fabric Sofa
The Parker Knoll Eastbury Pillow Back Large 2 Seater Sofa in Fabric and Leather Mix is a refined and comfortable seating option, ideal for both traditional and contemporary interiors. This sofa features pillow back design, providing comfortable, classic support and a stylish silhouette. Upholstered in high-quality fabric and leather, it offers a soft and inviting texture, enhancing the overall comfort.
With...
RRP £3293
RRP £3293 £2629 £2279
Leather Sofas
Feel light as a feather when you curl up on a leather sofa
We understand that it can be hard to find the perfect sofa for your room.
You need one that is easy to clean (due to the kids), is hypoallergenic (because of the dog), and stylish (as the aesthetic is just as important as everything else).
A leather sofa is the answer you’ve been looking for.
It ticks all the boxes, and with our wide range of leather sofas you’re sure to find the right one for your space.
For example, we offer numerous sizes, such as:
- Chaise
- 2-seater leather sofa
- 2.5-seater leather sofas
- 3-seater leather sofa
- 4-seater leather sofas
We even have leather corner sofas and recliner leather sofas, so no matter the layout of your room, we’ve got you covered.
As leather sofas last longer than fabric ones, this is an investment you’ll want to get right.
We’re here to help.
Colour me surprised - we’ve got it all
Now you know the size of your leather sofa, it’s time to turn to the colour.
You may want to keep with traditional Chesterfield colours, such as:
- Tan leather
- Brown leather
- Burgundy leather
If you do want something more classic, why not add some throws or scatter cushions?
They can bring some colour into the room or simply tie everything together - the perfect finishing touch.
However, if you want your leather sofa to be the focal point, we have the solution for that, too.
Downtown Stores offers leather sofas in a range of unique colours, like:
- Blue
- Pink
- Red
- Green
- Orange
We understand that you may want to see these brighter colours before you purchase, which is why we offer samples. Or you could even come and visit one of our stores.
Our friendly staff will be more than happy to help.
We know you need your sofa to be practical, stylish, and especially, comfortable.
Downtown Stores has the answer.
Shop our collection today.
FAQs
We understand you may have questions and concerns, and hopefully these frequently asked questions (FAQs) will answer them all. However, if you cannot find the answer, check out our main FAQs page.
How stain resistant are leather sofas?
One of the many benefits of a leather sofa is that it is naturally stain resistant. So, no need to worry about the kids or dog ruining your sofa - what a win.
How do I care for my leather sofa?
Leather sofas are very easy to care for. To clean your leather sofa, simply vacuum and wipe down with a clean cloth.
We also offer a leather cleaning kit that makes it simple to keep your sofa in the best condition.
How do you tell the quality of the leather?
This is going to sound strange, but trust us here. You can tell your leather is good quality by:
- Any imperfections - Good leather will not be uniform
- The smell - Real leather has a unique scent
- Its feel - Natural leather will not be completely smooth
How long do leather sofas last?
When you take good care of your leather sofa, it should last between 15 and 20 years.
What size leather sofas do you have available?
We have a wide range of different sized sofas, such as:
- 2-seater
- 2.5-seater
- 3-seater
- 4-seater
- Chaise
Plus, each of our sofas also has the dimensions on the page if you require a specific size.
What colour leather sofas do you have?
No two rooms are the same, which is why we offer a whole host of coloured leather sofas, including:
- Grey leather sofa
- Tan leather sofas
- Green leather sofa
- Black leather sofas
- White leather sofa
- Brown leather sofas
- And many more!
Do you offer recliner leather sofas?
Sometimes, you just need to put your feet up, which is why our selection of leather sofas includes recliner options.
How much is delivery?
Within the UK, our delivery is just £25. However, if you spend more than £2,999, you can get it for free.
For more information about our delivery options, check out our dedicated delivery FAQs page.
Do you offer a guarantee on your leather sofas?
Our wide range of leather sofas are from numerous quality suppliers, who all offer their own guarantee.
You will find the specific guarantee for each specific sofa on its page.
What brands do you have?
At Downtown Stores, our selection of leather sofas includes a number of brands, including: